L-alpha-Aminobutyric acid also known as (S)-2-aminobutanoic acid homoalanine 2-AABA ethylglycine or L-butyrine is a member of the class of compounds known as L-alpha-amino acids. L-alpha-Aminobutyric acid is a non-proteogenic amino acid that can be found in the human kidney in liver tissues and in most biofluids or excreta (e.g. feces breast milk urine and blood).

Notoginsenoside Fc has perfect anti-platelet aggregatory effect.

HQNO is a natural product isolated from P. aeruginosa,and is a potent inhibitor of electron transport chain(Kd of 64 nM for complex III).