PTP Inhibitor I is a cell-permeable, protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) inhibitor that covalently blocks the catalytic domain of the Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase (SHP-1(ΔSH2)) with a Ki value of 43 μM and PTP1B with a Ki value of 42 μM.

2-Phosphoglyceric acid (2PGA) is a glyceric acid which serves as the substrate in the ninth step of glycolysis. It is catalyzed by enolase into phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) the penultimate step in the conversion of glucose to pyruvate.

Ginsenoside Rh2, an extract of red Panax ginseng, is a potent anti-inflammatory and anticancer drug.